ࡱ> 574q`bjbjqPqP.&::vvvvvvv KFFFFFFFF$AhvFFFFFvvFFF@vFvFFvvF: 4g0K}}}v FFFFFFFFFFKFFFF N Nvvvvvv Ttulo: Roteamento Adaptativo a Contextos para Redes Tolerantes a Atrasos e Desconexes Resumo: O cenrio de uma Rede Tolerante a Atrasos e Desconexes constitudo de diversos contextos dessemelhantes, que se formam em diferentes regies ao longo da existncia de uma rede. As variaes impostas configurao padro de protocolos de roteamento, em conjunto com as variaes provenientes de caractersticas de contextos, so responsveis por oscilaes expressivas no desempenho de mtricas como mensagens entregues e atraso. Essa constatao ratifica o carter indispensvel da adoo de componentes com a habilidade para prover uma adaptao dinmica ao contexto. Como consequncia, foram identificados, nesta tese de doutorado, dois grandes problemas: o Problema de Deteco de Contexto (PDC) e o Problema de Roteamento Adaptativo (PRA). O PDC envolve o estabelecimento de regras bem definidas que possibilitam aos ns da rede examinar o contexto de um cenrio. Logo, coube ao PDC determinar as caractersticas do contexto com base em um conjunto de atributos de rede, limitados densidade, percentual de ocupao da capacidade de armazenamento e periodicidade de contato. O PRA abrange a anlise das informaes produzidas pelas heursticas descritas para o PDC e a adaptao dinmica do protocolo de roteamento, o que culminou com a proposta, implementao e avaliao do protocolo de roteamento CARTOON (Context-Aware Routing Protocol for Opportunistic Networks). Para a anlise do desempenho do protocolo CARTOON foram selecionados, nesta tese de doutorado, cinco cenrios com caractersticas distintas e foram implementados, em um simulador, os protocolos CARTOON, Epidemic, NECTAR e PROPHET. O orculo do pleno conhecimento tambm foi implementado, o que possibilitou a normalizao dos resultados. O protocolo CARTOON demonstrou um desempenho prximo do timo em relao mtrica mensagens entregues, alcanando uma mdia, em termos globais, de 95,04% do timo. Nas demais mtricas avaliadas, o protocolo CARTOON tambm apresentou um desempenho satisfatrio, pois coube ao protocolo CARTOON a menor taxa de overhead, a menor quantidade de descartes e o menor atraso. O excelente desempenho demonstrado durante a anlise das oscilaes deve-se aos componentes adaptativos, cuja participao no desempenho global em relao mtrica mensagens entregues foi de 34,95%. Os resultados demonstram que o protocolo CARTOON atendeu aos objetivos propostos, apresentando um desempenho prximo do timo em relao mtrica mensagens entregues, exibindo oscilaes mnimas de desempenho, apesar das caractersticas contrastantes dos cenrios, e, principalmente, comprovando a eficincia da adoo de componentes adaptativos. Abstract: A Delay and Disruption Tolerant Network scenario is formed by several diverse contexts, which vary throughout different regions, during such network's lifetime. The variations imposed on the standard configurations of various routing protocols, along with the ones inherent to context features, led to significant oscillations in performance of metrics, like message delivery rates and delay. This statement attests how essential it is to use components that can provide dynamic context adaptation. Consequently, this thesis addresses two relevant problems, the Context Detection Problem (CDP) and the Adaptive Routing Problem (ARP). The CDP includes the creation of well-defined rules that allow network nodes to analyze the context of a given scenario. Thus, in this work, CDP performs context detection, based on a set of network attributes: local density, buffer capacity and contact frequency. The ARP, on the other hand, involves the analysis of the information produced by the heuristics created for the CDP and performs the routing protocol dynamic adaptation, leading to the proposal, implementation and evaluation of the CARTOON (Context-Aware Routing Protocol for Opportunistic Networks) routing protocol. In order to evaluate the performance of the CARTOON protocol, this thesis selected five distinct scenarios, for which the protocols CARTOON, Epidemic, NECTAR and PROPHET were implemented in a simulator. The complete-knowledge oracle was also implemented, allowing the use of normalized results. The CARTOON protocol exhibits a near optimum performance in terms of message delivery rate, with a global average of 95.04%. In terms of the other evaluated metrics, the CARTOON protocol presents a remarkable performance, providing the lowest overhead, the lowest discard rate and the lowest delay. CARTOON's excellent performance in various scenarios is due to its adaptive components, whose share in the global performance in terms of the message delivery rate was 34.95%. Results show that the CARTOON protocol met its primary objectives, since it had a near optimum performance in relation to the message delivery rate metric, presented minimal performance oscillations despite the contrasting scenarios in which it was tested, and, most importantly, proved the efficiency of adaptive components. h%8hvJXYa: {  Q $ M N " f @ Sgdvb6xRS&pH#m67gdv7~W1u Oc>cgdv,1h. 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