ࡱ> .0-{bjbjUU >??{ py{{{{{{FR{{yye0:::-8{{: :RESUMO O desenvolvimento de software livre est comumente inserido num contexto distribudo e colaborativo, o que permite o recebimento de contribuies externas. Um paradigma emergente empregado para a sistematizao dessas contribuies denominado pull request. Nesse paradigma, colaboradores externos que desejam contribuir com um projeto criam um fork a partir do repositrio do projeto, fazem suas alteraes e enviam um pull request equipe principal, que revisar a contribuio e decidir sobre a incorporao ou no ao repositrio. Pull requests podem conter correo de bugs, refatorao de cdigo ou adio de novas funcionalidades, por exemplo. Atualmente, poucas informaes sobre a natureza dos pull requests so conhecidas no cenrio de projetos de software livre. Alguns trabalhos investigaram caractersticas de pull requests relacionadas aceitao, tempo de vida e atribuio de revisores. No entanto, esses estudos negligenciam a explorao de questes importantes e que esto em aberto. Nesta tese, realizamos um conjunto de estudos baseados na extrao de regras de associao sobre 88 projetos de software livre, detalhando a natureza dos seus 132.660 pull requests por meio da: (1) identificao de padres frequentes a partir de milhares de pull requests; (2) avaliao da extenso e fora desses padres; e (3) anlise qualitativa que explica a ocorrncia de alguns deles. Nossos resultados indicam que as caractersticas fsicas dos pull requests, o perfil dos colaboradores, aspectos sociais do processo e a localizao das contribuies so fatores que influenciam, em diferentes intensidades de fora, na aceitao/rejeio, no tempo de vida e na atribuio de revisores. A identificao desses padres pode apoiar desenvolvedores e gerentes de projeto na compreenso da natureza dos pull requests e gui-los a prticas que permitam extrair ao mximo os benefcios desse paradigma de colaborao. Palavras-chave: Pull Request, Regras de Associao, Aceitao, Tempo de Vida, Atribuio de Revisores. ABSTRACT Open-source software development is nowadays inserted in a distributed and collaborative context, which enables to receive external contributions. An emerging paradigm employed for the systematization of these contributions is named pull request. According to this paradigm, external developers wishing to contribute to a project fork the project repository, make their changes, and send a pull request to the project's core team, who will review the contribution and decide whether or not to integrate it into the repository. Pull requests may contain bug fixes, code refactorings, or new features, for example. Currently, few information about the nature of pull requests is known in the scenario of open-source projects. Some work investigated pull requests characteristics related to acceptance, lifetime, and reviewers assignment. However, all of these studies neglected the exploration of certain aspects that are still open. In this thesis we performed a set of studies based on the extraction of association rules from 88 open-source projects, detailing the nature of their 132,660 pull requests through: (1) the identification of frequent patterns from thousands of pull requests; (2) the assessment of the extent and strength of these patterns; and (3) a qualitative analysis that explains the occurrence of some patterns. Our results indicate that physical characteristics of the pull requests, collaborators profile, social aspects of the process, and location of contributions are factors that influence, in different intensities, on: the acceptance/rejection, lifetime, and reviewers assignment. The identification of these patterns can support developers and project managers in understanding the nature of pull requests and guide them to practices that maximize the benefits of this collaboration paradigm. 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